John Gilling

John Gilling

Deceased · Born: May 29, 1912 · Died: Nov 22, 1984

Personal Details

BornMay 29, 1912 London, England, UK

Biography

John Gilling, a renowned director and writer, emerged into the world on May 29, 1912, in the bustling city of London, England, UK. Over the course of his illustrious career, he left an indelible mark on the film industry, with his most notable works including the 1962 swashbuckling adventure "The Pirates of Blood River", the 1956 science fiction thriller "The Gamma People", and the 1952 mystery whodunit "Murder Will Out".

John Gilling's life came full circle on November 22, 1984, when he passed away in the vibrant city of Madrid, Spain.

Career

{"id":78216,"title":"The Vatican Museums","year":"2007","character":"","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-vatican-museums","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_78216.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_78216.jpg"},"released":1}
2007
{"id":65527,"title":"The Gorgon","year":"1964","job":"Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-gorgon","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/images\/fanart\/movies\/poster\/2fan4df9tuag.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/images\/fanart\/movies\/poster\/2fan4df9tuag.jpg"},"released":1}
1964
The Gorgon
The Gorgon as Screenplay
{"id":65798,"title":"The Secret of Blood Island","year":"1964","job":"Writer","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-secret-of-blood-island","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_65798.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_65798.jpg"},"released":1}
{"id":173820,"title":"Killers of Kilimanjaro","year":"1959","job":"Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/killers-of-kilimanjaro","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_173820.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_173820.jpg"},"released":1}
1959
{"id":67010,"title":"Bond of Fear","year":"1956","job":"Writer","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/bond-of-fear","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_67010.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_67010.jpg"},"released":1}
1956
{"id":174304,"title":"The Steel Key","year":"1953","job":"Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-steel-key","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_174304.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_174304.jpg"},"released":1}
1953
The Steel Key
The Steel Key as Screenplay
{"id":67765,"title":"The Big Frame","year":"1952","job":"Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-big-frame","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_67765.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_67765.jpg"},"released":1}
1952
The Big Frame
The Big Frame as Screenplay
{"id":67974,"title":"Dead on Course","year":"1952","job":"Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/dead-on-course","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_67974.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_67974.jpg"},"released":1}
Dead on Course
Dead on Course as Screenplay
{"id":82721,"title":"13 East Street","year":"1952","job":"Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/13-east-street","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_82721.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_82721.jpg"},"released":1}
13 East Street
13 East Street as Screenplay
{"id":82777,"title":"The Man in Black","year":"1950","job":"Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-man-in-black","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_82777.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_82777.jpg"},"released":1}
1950
The Man in Black
The Man in Black as Screenplay
{"id":82781,"title":"The Lady Craved Excitement","year":"1950","job":"Writer","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-lady-craved-excitement","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_82781.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_82781.jpg"},"released":1}
{"id":94983,"title":"Blackout","year":"1950","job":"Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/blackout-1950","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_94983.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_94983.jpg"},"released":1}
Blackout
Blackout as Screenplay
{"id":174559,"title":"Guilt Is My Shadow","year":"1950","job":"Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/guilt-is-my-shadow","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_174559.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_174559.jpg"},"released":1}
{"id":69310,"title":"Horror Maniacs","year":"1948","job":"Writer","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/horror-maniacs","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_69310.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_69310.jpg"},"released":1}
1948
{"id":69371,"title":"House of Darkness","year":"1948","job":"Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/house-of-darkness","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_69371.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_69371.jpg"},"released":1}
House of Darkness
House of Darkness as Screenplay
{"id":187098,"title":"A Gunman Has Escaped","year":"1948","job":"Writer","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/a-gunman-has-escaped","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_187098.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_187098.jpg"},"released":1}
{"id":201306,"title":"Black Memory","year":"1947","job":"Writer","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/black-memory","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_201306.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_201306.jpg"},"released":1}
1947
{"id":87483,"title":"The Mummy's Shroud","year":"1967","job":"Director, Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-mummys-shroud-1967","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_87483.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_87483.jpg"},"released":1}
1967
The Mummy's Shroud
The Mummy's Shroud as Director, Screenplay
{"id":167022,"title":"Where the Bullets Fly","year":"1966","job":"Director, Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/where-the-bullets-fly","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_167022.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_167022.jpg"},"released":1}
1966
Where the Bullets Fly
Where the Bullets Fly as Director, Screenplay
{"id":65472,"title":"The Plague of the Zombies","year":"1966","job":"Director","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-plague-of-the-zombies","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_65472.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_65472.jpg"},"released":1}
{"id":87613,"title":"The Reptile","year":"1966","job":"Director","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-reptile","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/images\/fanart\/movies\/poster\/1bihi1r319so.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/images\/fanart\/movies\/poster\/1bihi1r319so.jpg"},"released":1}
The Reptile
The Reptile as Director
{"id":87741,"title":"The Brigand of Kandahar","year":"1965","job":"Director, Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-brigand-of-kandahar","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_87741.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_87741.jpg"},"released":1}
1965
The Brigand of Kandahar
The Brigand of Kandahar as Director, Screenplay
{"id":32161,"title":"Blood Beast from Outer Space","year":"1965","job":"Director","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/blood-beast-from-outer-space","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_32161.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_32161.jpg"},"released":1}
{"id":65769,"title":"The Crimson Blade","year":"1963","job":"Director, Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-crimson-blade","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_65769.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_65769.jpg"},"released":1}
1963
The Crimson Blade
The Crimson Blade as Director, Screenplay
{"id":87945,"title":"Panic","year":"1963","job":"Director, Writer","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/panic-1963","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_87945.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_87945.jpg"},"released":1}
Panic
Panic as Director, Writer
{"id":65980,"title":"The Pirates of Blood River","year":"1962","job":"Director, Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-pirates-of-blood-river","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_65980.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_65980.jpg"},"released":1}
1962
The Pirates of Blood River
The Pirates of Blood River as Director, Screenplay
{"id":96247,"title":"Fury at Smugglers' Bay","year":"1961","job":"Director, Writer","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/fury-at-smugglers-bay-1961","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_96247.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_96247.jpg"},"released":1}
1961
Fury at Smugglers' Bay
Fury at Smugglers' Bay as Director, Writer
{"id":66161,"title":"The Shadow of the Cat","year":"1961","job":"Director","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-shadow-of-the-cat","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_66161.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_66161.jpg"},"released":1}
{"id":66205,"title":"The Flesh and the Fiends","year":"1960","job":"Director, Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-flesh-and-the-fiends","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_66205.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_66205.jpg"},"released":1}
1960
The Flesh and the Fiends
The Flesh and the Fiends as Director, Screenplay
{"id":82314,"title":"It Takes a Thief","year":"1960","job":"Director, Screenplay, Story","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/it-takes-a-thief","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_82314.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_82314.jpg"},"released":1}
It Takes a Thief
It Takes a Thief as Director, Screenplay, Story
{"id":82349,"title":"Idol on Parade","year":"1959","job":"Director","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/idol-on-parade","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_82349.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_82349.jpg"},"released":1}
1959
Idol on Parade
Idol on Parade as Director
{"id":186523,"title":"The Bandit of Zhobe","year":"1959","job":"Director, Writer","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-bandit-of-zhobe","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_186523.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_186523.jpg"},"released":1}
The Bandit of Zhobe
The Bandit of Zhobe as Director, Writer
{"id":66626,"title":"The Man Inside","year":"1958","job":"Director","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-man-inside-1958","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_66626.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_66626.jpg"},"released":1}
1958
The Man Inside
The Man Inside as Director
{"id":66702,"title":"Pickup Alley","year":"1957","job":"Director","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/pickup-alley","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_66702.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_66702.jpg"},"released":1}
1957
Pickup Alley
Pickup Alley as Director
{"id":82395,"title":"High Flight","year":"1957","job":"Director","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/high-flight","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_82395.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_82395.jpg"},"released":1}
High Flight
High Flight as Director
{"id":66995,"title":"Odongo: An Adventure of the African Frontier","year":"1956","job":"Director, Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/odongo-an-adventure-of-the-african-frontier","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_66995.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_66995.jpg"},"released":1}
1956
{"id":67008,"title":"The Gamma People","year":"1956","job":"Director, Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-gamma-people","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_67008.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_67008.jpg"},"released":1}
The Gamma People
The Gamma People as Director, Screenplay
{"id":173912,"title":"Cross-Up","year":"1955","job":"Director, Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/cross-up","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_173912.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_173912.jpg"},"released":1}
1955
Cross-Up
Cross-Up as Director, Screenplay
{"id":67117,"title":"The Gilded Cage","year":"1955","job":"Director","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-gilded-cage","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_67117.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_67117.jpg"},"released":1}
{"id":67467,"title":"The Embezzler","year":"1954","job":"Director, Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-embezzler","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_67467.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_67467.jpg"},"released":1}
1954
The Embezzler
The Embezzler as Director, Screenplay
{"id":174267,"title":"Double Exposure","year":"1954","job":"Director, Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/double-exposure-1954","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_174267.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_174267.jpg"},"released":1}
Double Exposure
Double Exposure as Director, Screenplay
{"id":186759,"title":"Escape by Night","year":"1953","job":"Director, Writer","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/escape-by-night-1953","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_186759.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_186759.jpg"},"released":1}
1953
Escape by Night
Escape by Night as Director, Writer
{"id":67876,"title":"Recoil","year":"1953","job":"Director, Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/recoil-1953","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_67876.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_67876.jpg"},"released":1}
Recoil
Recoil as Director, Screenplay
{"id":33612,"title":"Deadly Nightshade","year":"1953","job":"Director","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/deadly-nightshade","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_33612.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_33612.jpg"},"released":1}
{"id":82675,"title":"White Fire","year":"1953","job":"Director, Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/white-fire-1953","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_82675.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_82675.jpg"},"released":1}
White Fire
White Fire as Director, Screenplay
{"id":94946,"title":"Murder Will Out","year":"1952","job":"Director, Writer","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/murder-will-out","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_94946.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_94946.jpg"},"released":1}
1952
Murder Will Out
Murder Will Out as Director, Writer
{"id":82707,"title":"The Frightened Man","year":"1952","job":"Director, Writer","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-frightened-man","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_82707.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_82707.jpg"},"released":1}
The Frightened Man
The Frightened Man as Director, Writer
{"id":68171,"title":"Vampire Over London","year":"1952","job":"Director","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/vampire-over-london","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_68171.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_68171.jpg"},"released":1}
{"id":125324,"title":"The Quiet Woman","year":"1951","job":"Director, Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/the-quiet-woman","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_125324.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_125324.jpg"},"released":1}
1951
The Quiet Woman
The Quiet Woman as Director, Screenplay
{"id":68691,"title":"No Trace","year":"1950","job":"Director, Screenplay","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/no-trace","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_68691.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_68691.jpg"},"released":1}
1950
No Trace
No Trace as Director, Screenplay
{"id":187022,"title":"A Matter of Murder","year":"1949","job":"Director, Writer","permalink":"https:\/\/streambutter.com\/us\/movie\/a-matter-of-murder","type":"movie","srcset":{"1x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/90x135\/thumbs\/movie_187022.jpg","2x":"https:\/\/img.streambutter.com\/img\/180x270\/thumbs\/movie_187022.jpg"},"released":1}
1949
A Matter of Murder
A Matter of Murder as Director, Writer