Timothée Hal Chalamet was born in Manhattan, New York, to Nicole Flender, a real estate broker and dancer, and Marc Chalamet, a UNICEF editor. His mother, who is from New York, is Jewish, and of Russian Jewish and Polish Jewish descent. His father, who is from Nîmes, France, is of French and English ancestry. He is the brother of actress Pauline Chalamet, a nephew of director Rodman Flender, and a grandson of screenwriter Harold Flender.
Growing up in an artistic family, Timothée appeared in commercials and the New York theatre scene, and attended the LaGuardia High School of Music, Art and Performing Arts, where his classmate and friend was actor Ansel Elgort. For a time, he also attended Columbia University.
He made his film debut in 2014, appearing in Jason Reitman's Men, Women & Children and Matthew McConaughey's character's teenage son in Interstellar. He subsequently had sizable roles in several indie films, playing the younger version of writer Stephen Elliott in The Adderall Diaries, the male lead, Zac, in the drama One and Two, and Billy in the road trip drama Miss Stevens.
On stage, he has appeared in the plays The Talls and John Patrick Shanley's autobiographical Prodigal Son, while on television, he has had a minor role in the film Loving Leah, a big part in Law & Order, and meatier roles on the shows Royal Pains and Homeland, among other work.
He broke out in 2017, appearing in notable supporting roles, as a soldier in the western Hostiles and a high school crush of the title character in Lady Bird, and in a leading role as Elio, an Italian Jewish 17-year-old who romances his father's older assistant, played by Armie Hammer, in the Luca Guadagnino drama Call Me by Your Name. His role as Elio received significant critical acclaim, and he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor, Drama, and won many critics' groups' awards for Best Actor of the Year.
In 2018, he starred as Nic Sheff, who suffers from substance abuse problems, in the drama Beautiful Boy. In 2019, he headlined the Woody Allen comedy A Rainy Day in New York, with Selena Gomez, played Henry V of England, King from 1413 to 1422, in the historical drama The King, and embodied love interest Laurie in Greta Gerwig's take on Little Women.